1 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
2 Report of the United Nations Secretary-General for the World Humanitarian Summit, One Humanity, Shared Responsibility.
3 Katsunori Fujii, ‘The Great East Japan Earthquake and Disabled Persons’, in Disability Information Resources, Japan.
4 UNICEF, Including children with disabilities in humanitarian action – General Guidance (2017).
5 Sources: WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011); UN DESA, Ageing and Disability; UNICEF, Children and Young People with Disabilities (2013).
6 The guidelines seek to meet the needs of mainstream humanitarian stakeholders, including OPDs as humanitarian stakeholders and development actors involved in humanitarian action, rather than organizations specializing in disability. See the minutes of a multi-stakeholder IASC workshop held in October 2017.
7 The IASC was established in 1992 in response to UN General Assembly Resolution 46/182. Its membership includes both UN and non-UN humanitarian organizations. For more information, see IASC website.
8 See IASC, IASC Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016); and IASC, the IASC Principals' statement: The Centrality of Protection in Humanitarian Action (2013). Annex I of the IASC Policy on Protection provides useful information on relevant international law.
9 Under IHL, non-State armed groups (NSAGs) who are involved in an armed conflict are bound to respect IHL. In addition, de facto authorities or NSAGs that exercise government-like functions or control territory are increasingly expected to respect international human rights law when their conduct affects the human rights of individuals under their control.
10 179 States and the European Union are parties to the CRPD as of June 2019.
11 See Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol.
12 See ICRC, Discrimination (or adverse distinction).
13 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, adopted at the Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, 18 March 2015.
14 Ibid, para. 7.
15 Ibid, para. 19(d).
16 Ibid, para. 30(c).
17 Ibid, para. 36(a)(iii).
18 See Agenda for Humanity, Explore Commitments and Reports.
19 CRPD, Article 3.
20 On humanity, neutrality and impartiality, see General Assembly resolution 46/182 (1991). On independence, see General Assembly resolution 58/114 (2004).
21 Modified from CRPD, article 1.
22 CRPD, Article 9.
23 CRPD, Article 2.
24 National Disability Authority, What is Universal Design?
25 WHO, Guidelines on health-related rehabilitation, p. 35.
26 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011), pp. 4 and 263.
27 Wapling & Downie, Beyond Charity: a Donor's Guide to Inclusion (2012), p. 21; PPUA Penca (Center for Election Access of Citizens with Disabilities), Accessible elections for persons with disabilities in five Southeast Asian countries. USAID & AGENDA (2013), pp. 5, 11; WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011), p. 4.
28 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011), p. 262.
29 GSDRC, Barriers to disability inclusion.
30 Wapling & Downie, Beyond Charity: a Donor's Guide to Inclusion (2012), p. 21; DFID: Disability, Poverty and Development (2000), p. 8; WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011), pp. 6, 262; Bruijn et al. (2012), Count Me In: Include people with disabilities in development projects (2012), p. 23
31 United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy website and UNDIS, Annex I. Key concepts and definitions
32 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Social Inclusion.
33 See CRPD, Article 4.
34 See CRPD, Article 2.
35 To meet the physical accessibility requirements of persons with disabilities (for example, when constructing buildings or WASH facilities), it is estimated that between 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent should be added to budgets. To provide specialized non-food items (NFIs) and mobility equipment to persons with disabilities, estimates suggest a further 3-4 per cent, and up to 7 per cent, should be added. See Help Age, CBM, Handicap International, Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities, and Light for the World, Resource Book on Disability Inclusion (2017), p. 36.
36 Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, General comment No. 1 (2014) on Article 12: Equal recognition before the law CRPD/C/GC/1, 19 May 2014. See also Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, General comment No. 6 (2018) on equality and non-discrimination, CRPD/C/GC/6, 26 April 2018, para. 66. The IASC Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action states that information and data should not be disclosed in the absence of free and informed consent. See the section on definitions.
37 See European Parliament Directorate-General for Internal Policies, Discrimination Generated by the Intersection of Gender and Disability (2013). See also: Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, General Comment number 6 on equality and non-discrimination, CRPD/C/GC/6, 26 April 2018, para. 19.
38 Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Guidelines on the Participation of Disabled Persons Organizations (DPOs) and Civil Society Organizations in the work of the Committee, Annexe II of CRPD/C/11/2, para. 3. See also: CRPD Committee, General comment No. 7 (2018) on the participation of persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, through their representative organizations, in the implementation and monitoring of the Convention, CRPD/C/GC/7, 9 November 2018.
39 The CRPD referred to ‘mental’ impairment. The CRPD Committee subsequently preferred the term ‘psychosocial’ impairment.
40 CRPD, Article 1.
41 DG ECHO, The Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in EU-funded Humanitarian Aid Operations (2019, DG ECHO Operational Guidance).
42 A location or building is accessible when a person with disabilities can reach it, enter it, circulate from one room or floor to another, and use the services it offers.
43 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Handbook for the marker for the inclusion and empowerment of persons with disabilities (2019).
44 International Labour Organization, Promoting diversity and inclusion through workplace adjustments: a practical guide.
45 ‘Legal capacity’ refers to a person's entitlement to perform valid legal actions, to marry, enter into an employment contract, administer his or her money, accept or reject medical treatment, etc. Most countries deny this right to persons with intellectual and psychosocial impairments, although doing so breaches the CRPD.
46 United Nations, Disability Inclusion Strategy. See also the ILO Model Self-Assessment Tool developed for businesses as proxy.
47 See ILO, Promoting diversity and inclusion through workplace adjustments: a practical guide (2016).
48 The CRPD uses the terms ‘children with disabilities’ and ‘persons with disabilities’. Because children and adults with disabilities are often stigmatized and face discrimination, they prefer to be called a ‘child’ and a ‘person’ rather than referred to as an acronym.
49 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Global Compact for Refugees, the Global Compact for Migration, among many others, also require humanitarian and other actors to consult and involve persons with disabilities in their programmes and decisions.
50 See the section on Barriers.
51 Include key humanitarian action concepts and tools in training that is offered.
52 Daniel Mont and Nora Groce, Counting disability: emerging consensus on the Washington Group questionnaire, The Lancet, July 2017.
53 Daniel Mont, How does the WG-SS Differ from Disability Eligibility Determination? (2017), Washington Group on Disability Statistics.
54 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
55 Useful resources, including a training pack for enumerators on using the Washington Group Short Set of Disability Questions, can be found at Humanity and Inclusion, Disability Data in Humanitarian Action.
56 See Washington Group's translation methodology and training tools online.
57 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
58 For more guidance on inclusive communication, see UNICEF, Disabilities, Inclusive Communication Module.
59 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
60 See Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities and Light fsor the World, Resource Book on Disability Inclusion (2017), p. 36.
61 This may not always be feasible. It may not be feasible, for example, when incidents are reported by third party witnesses, or incidents involve communities or groups rather than individuals.
62 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
63 ACAPS, Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment (2012).
64 Adapted from UNHCR, Emergency Handbook.
65 Adapted from IASC, Gender Handbook for Humanitarian Action (2017), p. 385.
66 See Global Protection Cluster, Protection Mainstreaming.
67 IASC, IASC Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016).
68 See Global Protection Cluster, Protection Mainstreaming Training Package (2014).
69 IASC, Guidelines for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings (2007).
70 Ibid.
71 For the most recent statement of this policy, see IASC, Commitments on Accountability to Affected People and Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (CAAP and PSEA) (2017). For the original policy statement, see IASC, The IASC Task Team on Accountability to Affected Populations and Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (AAP/PSEA).
72 See IASC's website on the Grand Bargain.
73 Adapted from IASC, Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP): A brief overview.
74 Sexual exploitation refers to “abuse of a position of vulnerability, differential power or trust for sexual purposes”. See UN Secretary-General's Bulletin Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (PSEA) (ST/SGB/2003/13).
75 Sexual abuse refers to “actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature”. Ibid.
76 This chapter is adapted from the Sphere Handbook (2018).
77 UNICEF and the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development in Nepal provide an example. They organized an extensive social assistance system in response to the earthquake in 2015. See Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP), The State of the World's Cash Report – Cash Transfer Programming in Humanitarian Aid (2018), p. 114.
78 See the sectoral sections for information on the relevance of in-kind distribution.
79 Cash Learning Partnership, As the movement for cash transfer programming advances, how can we ensure that people with disabilities are not left behind in cash transfer programming for emergencies? (2015); UNHCR and WFP, Mitigating risks of abuse of power in cash assistance in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2018).
80 For more on terms, see Cash Learning Partnership, Glossary of Terminology for Cash and Voucher Assistance (2017).
81 See Cash Learning Partnership with Catholic Relief Services, Market Support Interventions in Humanitarian Contexts – a Tip Sheet (2018).
82 A reference and learning app for humanitarian aid workers.
83 For example, simplify procedures for obtaining disability ID, for accessing the disbursement system, etc.
84 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
85 See also United Nations, Disability Inclusion Strategy (2019), which sets out specific expectations for leaders of United Nations organizations.
86 Information management refers to collection, analysis and management of data and information across the humanitarian programme cycle.
87 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
88 See also United Nations, Disability Inclusion Strategy (2019), which sets out specific expectations for leaders of United Nations organizations.
89 IASC Task Team on AAR Global protection cluster and OCHA, Suggested Actions for cluster coordination groups to strengthen Accountability to Affected Populations and Protection in the Humanitarian Programme Cycle (2016).
90 Information management refers to collection, analysis and management of data and information across the humanitarian programme cycle.
91 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
92 Some actions in this section will also be relevant for analysis and information management officers.
93 See also United Nations, Disability Inclusion Strategy (2019), which sets out specific expectations for leaders of United Nations organizations.
94 Such as the Sphere Standards, the Humanitarian Inclusion Standards, and the Humanitarian Hands-on Tool App.
95 Information management refers to collection, analysis and management of data and information across the humanitarian programme cycle.
96 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
97 Information management refers to collection, analysis and management of data and information across the humanitarian programme cycle.
98 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2)
99 The Who does What, Where, When and for Whom (5W) tool is used to capture data from the field and generate information products, such as maps and tables of achievement. The 5Ws tool can help avoid unintentional duplication by different agencies, and assists stakeholders, including affected communities and local governments, to identify response gaps.
100 Information management refers to collection, analysis and management of data and information across the humanitarian programme cycle.
101 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
102 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
103 UNHCR, Emergency Handbook: Camp Coordination, Camp Management
104 IOM, Norwegian Refugee Council, UNHCR, Camp Management Toolkit (2015), p. 9.
105 In practice, where the government or national authorities oversee camp management or camp coordination, camp management, camp coordination and camp administration share the responsibilities in a variety of ways.
106 See, for instance, the Sphere Standards, Core humanitarian standard; and Help Age, CBM, Handicap International, Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities, among others.
107 See IOM, Norwegian Refugee Council, UNHCR, Camp Management Toolkit (2015) and CCCM Cluster’s training material.
108 See IOM, Norwegian Refugee Council, UNHCR, Camp Management Toolkit (2015), p. 14.
109 Ibid, p. 18.
110 Global Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) Cluster, The MEND Guide – Comprehensive Guide for Planning Mass Evacuations in Natural Disasters (2014), p. 23.
111 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
112 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
113 See UNHCR, Working with Persons with Disabilities in Forced Displacement (2011); see also the registration tools and specific requirement codes in IOM, Norwegian Refugee Council, UNHCR, Camp Management Toolkit (2015), p. 141.
114 See The Sphere Project (2018); and Help Age, CBM, Handicap International, Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities (2018).
115 Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies/INEE.
116 UNICEF, Inclusive Education — Including children with disabilities in quality learning: what needs to be done? (2017).
117 Handicap International, Policy Paper on Inclusive Education (2012) pp. 10–12.
118 Save the Children, Schools for all. Including disabled children in education (2002), p. 10.
119 INEE, Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response, Recovery (2010), p. 94.
120 EENET, The implications of ensuring equal access and inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities and mental health issues in disaster risk reduction and humanitarian action, A rapid literature review (2017).
121 For more information on digital accessibility, see CBM, Digital Accessibility Toolkit (2018).
122 See Annex 7 for a checklist on learning space accessibility. Article 9 of the CRPD, on accessibility, outlines the steps that States Parties should take to enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate in all aspects of life.
123 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
124 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
125 Children with disabilities may require more time and help to eat if they find it hard to suckle, hold spoons, sit upright, etc. Nora Groce, Eleanor Challenger, Marko Kerac, Stronger Together: Nutrition-Disability Links and Synergies, Briefing Note, UNICEF; and UNICEF (2017), Including children with disabilities in humanitarian action. Nutrition (2011), p. 13.
126 Adapted from Cash Learning Partnership, Cash Transfers Glossary.
127 UNICEF, Including children with disabilities in humanitarian action. Nutrition (2017), p. 108.
128 Adapted from IFAD, WFP, FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World: The multiple dimensions of food security (2013), p. 50.
129 For the WFP definition of food access, availability and utilization, see Emergency Food Security Assessment Handbook (EFSA) – 2nd edition (2009).
130 WFP, Food Assistance for Assets.
131 IFAD, WFP, FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World: The multiple dimensions of food security (2013), p. 50.
132 No guidelines currently exist for measuring the nutritional status of persons with disabilities. Traditional methods, such as MUAC (mid-upper arm circumference), can be used, but these methods may be misleading, for example if people with disabilities have built up their upper-arm muscles to aid mobility. Source: Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities.
133 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
134 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
135 Having a disability does not automatically imply food insecurity or malnutrition, or additional needs. How persons with disabilities experience emergencies can differ greatly; assessment and targeting must be sensitive to this.
136 When organizing trainings, make use of the resources available. For example, specialists can provide expertise on data collection, information, support services, etc. The International Disability and Development Consortium lists NGOs and organizations in a number of countries who can provide support.
137 UN, Disability and Employment Fact sheet 1.
138 Adapted from Cash Learning Partnership, Cash Transfers Glossary.
139 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
140 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
141 WHO – Western Pacific Region, The WHO health system framework (2018).
142 WHO, Monitoring the building blocks of health systems: a handbook of indicators and their measurement strategies (2010).
143 For a list of barriers specific to health care, see WHO, Factsheet on disability and health.
144 The Sphere Project, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response (2011).
145 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
146 WHO, Minimum Standards and Recommendations for Rehabilitation (2016).
147 Ibid.
148 Women's Refugee Commission, “I see that it is possible”: Building Capacity for Disability Inclusion for GBV Practitioners Toolkit, Tool 9: Informed Consent Process with Adult Survivors with Disabilities.
149 IFRC, Guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support (2018).
150 For example, Problem Management Plus, Interpersonal Therapy for Depression.
151 Recognizing the importance of mental health and psychosocial support services, a separate section looks at barriers that persons with mental health conditions and those in psychosocial distress face. See Mental health and psychosocial support.
152 IASC, Human Rights and Natural Disasters: Operational Guidelines and Field Manual on Human Rights Protection in Situations of Natural Disasters (2008). See also IASC Protection Policy.
153 IASC Principals' Statement, The Centrality of Protection in Humanitarian Action (2013).
154 Sphere Handbook (2018).
155 IASC, Human Rights and Natural Disasters: Operational Guidelines and Field Manual on Human Rights Protection in Situations of Natural Disasters (2008).
156 Global Protection Cluster, Protection Mainstreaming Training Package (2014).
157 IASC, Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016).
158 Oxfam and Global Protection Cluster, Protection: What is it anyway? (2016).
159 IASC, Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016).
160 UNICEF, Humanitarian Principles (2004). See also CDA, The Do No Harm Handbook.
161 See also IASC, Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action, Annex I: Normative Framework.
162 IASC, Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016).
163 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018).
164 See IASC, Policy on Protection in humanitarian action (2016), p. 2.
165 See ICRC, Professional Standards for Protection Work Carried Out by Humanitarian and Human Rights Actors in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence (2018), Chapter 6, Managing data and information for protection outcomes, pp. 106–148; and CRPD, Article 22(2).
166 See WHO, Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (2012); and WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
167 Handicap International, Disability in Humanitarian Context – Views from affected people and field organisations (2015).
168 See UNICEF, Violence Against Disabled Children: Summary Report (2005), p. 6.
169 Ibid.
170 WHO, Promoting Rights and Community Living for Children with Psychosocial Disabilities (2015).
171 Human Rights Watch, They Stay There Until They Die (2018); Human Rights Watch, Chained Like Prisoners (2015).
172 IASC, Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016).
173 Human Rights Watch, Chained Like Prisoners (2015).
174 IASC, Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action: Reducing Risk, promoting resilience and aiding recovery (2015).
175 Ibid, p. 5.
176 Ibid.
177 Ibid.
178 Reported in Burundi and Ethiopia.
179 Reported in Burundi, Jordan and Lebanon.
180 Women's Refugee Commission and UNICEF, Disability Inclusion in Child Protection and Gender-Based Violence Programs in Lebanon (2018).
181 Reported in Jordan.
182 Women's Refugee Commission and International Rescue Committee, Building capacity for disability inclusion in gender-based violence programming in humanitarian settings. A toolkit for GBV practitioners (2005). Guidance Note 1 states that humanitarian and other actors who work on GBV should hold community consultations on GBV risks. 15–20 per cent of community members involved in designing, monitoring and evaluating GBV programmes should be persons with disabilities, in line with international standards for safe data collection on sexual violence in humanitarian contexts. This implies that 1–2 persons with disabilities from each age- and gender-appropriate group, and in addition persons with a range of disabilities, should participate. Concurrently, it may be appropriate to interview some individuals. Interviews can be held at a location of the interviewee's choice. Steps should be taken to identify and mitigate risks.
183 Ibid. Guidance Note 2 states that humanitarian and other actors who work on GBV may believe that GBV prevention and response services are not relevant to or appropriate for persons with disabilities, or fear ‘doing harm’ if they include them in activities. GBV case workers may incorrectly assume that survivors with intellectual disabilities do not have the capacity to make their own decisions, may defer to caregivers on what support and referral is appropriate, or may not adopt a survivor-centred approach. All GBV staff should be trained to consider their attitudes and assumptions about persons with disabilities and hold open conversation about working with persons with disabilities. See Other Tools and Resources.
184 Ibid. Guidance Note 3 notes that local organizations of persons with disabilities (OPDs) are familiar with disability-friendly service providers, and this knowledge can be used to inform and improve standard operating procedures and referral systems. As the first contact point for survivors with disabilities, OPDs may need training in the principles of safe identification and referral. Seek out OPDs that are in contact with marginalized groups of persons with disabilities, including persons with intellectual disabilities and adolescent girls with disabilities, who may be at highest risk of GBV.
185 Ibid. Guidance Note 4 notes that research has shown that women with disabilities in humanitarian settings are often underrepresented in community leadership structures. Recruiting women with disabilities as community mobilizers and social workers draws attention to the concerns of this group and simultaneously increases respect for the skills and capacities of persons with disabilities among both humanitarian staff and in the community (WRC/IRC 2015).
186 Women's Refugee Commission and International Rescue Committee, Building capacity for disability inclusion in gender-based violence programming in humanitarian settings. A toolkit for GBV practitioners. (2005). Guidance Note 5 argues that persons with disabilities and their caregivers should be included in core GBV training packages, which should include case studies and examples centred on women, children and youth with disabilities. Over time, GBV staff should increasingly recognize that responding to the needs of persons with disabilities is a core part of their work and acquire relevant skills to do this work. (See the section on other tools and resources.)
187 Ibid. Guidance Note 8 makes the point that NGOs, international organizations and the UN system have a shared responsibility to eradicate sexual exploitation and abuse by their personnel. All actors operating in a humanitarian response, including those who work on GBV, must ensure that affected populations can report violations by personnel in a safe, accessible, and confidential manner. See UN Doc. 3ST/SGB/2003/13, 9 Oct 2003; for more information, see PSEA website.
188 Ibid. Guidance Note 6. ‘Universal design’ refers to “the design of products, environments, programmes and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design”. Ensuring that buildings and facilities are accessible consumes approximately 1 per cent of construction costs. It is more cost-effective than retrofitting buildings and facilities at a later stage.
189 This aligns with UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security, which notes the inordinate impact of war and violent conflict on women and girls and the crucial role that women play in conflict prevention, conflict resolution, peace-making and peace-building. The resolution urges all actors to increase the participation of women and incorporate gender perspectives in all United Nations peace and security efforts. See United States Institute of Peace, ‘What is UNSCR 1325?’
190 Women's Refugee Commission and International Rescue Committee, Building capacity for disability inclusion in gender-based violence programming in humanitarian settings. A toolkit for GBV practitioners (2005). Guidance Note 7 argues that it is critical to monitor the number of persons with disabilities who use GBV services and programmes in order to understand whether programmes are reaching those who need them most. At least 15 per cent of participants in any GBV activity should be persons with disabilities; this ratio is not always met. (WRC/IRC 2015)
191 Child Protection Working Group, Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2019).
192 Ibid.
193 Hughes K. et al., Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, in The Lancet, 2012, doi:10.1016/S0410-6736(11 )61851-5.
194 UNICEF, State of the World's Children: Children with disabilities (2013).
195 Child Protection Working Group, Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2019).
196 See Lumos, Children in Institutions: the Global Picture (2017).
197 African Child Policy Forum, The African Report on Violence against Children (2014).
198 Leonard Cheshire Disability, Still left behind: pathways to inclusive education for girls with disabilities (2017).
199 Report of the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism, A/HRC/34/59,10 January 2017, para. 29.
200 UNHCR, Need to Know: Guidance on Working with Persons with Disabilities in Forced Displacement (2019). See also Violence Against Women with Disabilities Working Group, Forgotten Sisters – A Report on Violence against Women with Disabilities: An Overview of Its Nature, Scope, Causes and Consequences (2012).
201 UNICEF, State of the World's Children: Children with disabilities (2013).
202 Ibid.
203 Women's Refugee Commission, Gender-based Violence among Displaced Women and Girls with Disabilities (2012).
204 UNICEF, Violence against Disabled Children: Summary report (2005).
205 Child Protection Working Group, Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2019).
206 See for example, Norwegian Refugee Council, Guidance Note on HLP Issues in Informal Settlements and Collective Centres in Northern Syria (2017). The NRC recognizes that limited guidance is available on housing, land and property issues in informal settlements and collective centres, which are common in Syria.
207 UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 4: The Right to Adequate Housing (Art. 11 (1 ) of the Covenant), 13 December 1991.
208 IASC, Protection in Natural Disasters.
209 Norwegian Refugee Council and IFRC, The Importance of Addressing Housing, Land and Property (HLP) Challenges in Humanitarian Response (2016).
210 Ibid.
211 UN Habitat and OHCHR, The Right to Adequate Housing. Human rights factsheetno. 21 (rev. 1) (2009).
212 Norwegian Refugee Council and IFRC, The Importance of Addressing Housing, Land and Property (HLP) Challenges in Humanitarian Response (2016).
213 See, for example, Norwegian Refugee Council, Displaced Women's Rights to Housing, Land and Property (2018).
214 See, for example Norwegian Refugee Council and IFRC, The Importance of Addressing Housing, Land and Property (HLP) Challenges in Humanitarian Response (2016).
215 UN Habitat, The Right to Adequate Housing for Persons with Disabilities Living in Cities: Towards Inclusive Cities (2015).
216 Ibid.
217 UN Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, and the Right to Non-Discrimination in this Context, A/72/251 72b, 12 July 2017.
218 UN Habitat, The Right to Adequate Housing for Persons with Disabilities Living in Cities: Towards Inclusive Cities (2015).
219 UN Habitat and OHCHR, The Right to Adequate Housing. Human rights factsheet n. 21 (rev. 1) (2009).
220 UN Habitat, The Right to Adequate Housing for Persons with Disabilities Living in Cities: Towards Inclusive Cities (2015).
221 The Pinheiro Principles set out international standards on housing, land and property restitution for refugees and internally displaced persons. See Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, The Pinheiro Principles.
222 Global Protection Cluster, Mine Action (2018).
223 Convention on Cluster Munitions (2008). See also UN Human Rights Council, Thematic study on the rights of persons with disabilities under article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies, A/HRC/31/30, 30 November 2015, para. 19.
224 UNICEF and GICHD, International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) Mine Risk Education Best Practice Guidebook 1 (2005), and IMAS 04.10, 2nd edition, 1 January 2003 (as amended on 1 December 2004), 3.157
225 Office of the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights, Thematic study on the rights of persons with disabilities under article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies, A/HRC/31/30, 30 November 2015, para. 12.
226 IFRC, Shelter and Settlements.
227 For UN, DFID and Shelter Centre documents on shelter, see Shelter, Settlement and Recovery – (GBV) Guidelines.
228 Handout for USAID/OFDA shelter and settlement presentation at Harvard University, 19 April 2018.
229 IFRC, Transitional shelters: Eight designs (2011).
230 IOM, Norwegian Refugee Council, UNHCR, Camp Management Toolkit (2015), p. 18.
231 Adapted from UNHCR Syria, Non-food items.
232 WHO and World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011).
233 Sphere Standard (2018). See the chapter on WASH.
234 UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General comment No. 15 on the Right to Water (Articles 11 and 12 of the Covenant), E/C.12/2002/11, 20 January 2003.
235 Handicap International, CBM, HelpAge International, Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities. See the section on WASH.
236 CRPD Committee, General Comment 6 on Equality and Non-discrimination, CRPD/C/GC/6, para. 27.
237 Further versions of the Washington Group Short Set of Disability Questions have been developed. Leonard Cheshire and Humanity & Inclusion have produced one called the Washington Group Enhanced Set of Disability Questions. It has 12 questions: the six included in the short set, plus additional questions covering anxiety, depression and upper body mobility.
238 Leonard Cheshire and Humanity & Inclusion, Disability Data Collection: A summary review of the use of the Washington Group Questions by development and humanitarian actors (2018).
239 Besides curating national census and survey estimates of disability prevalence for many countries, the UN Statistics Division database includes metadata on the types of disability included in national surveys, and in many cases an example of the survey instrument itself.
240 In view of its methodology, MICS data should be interpreted cautiously to obtain disability prevalence. Among adults, only those of reproductive age (15–49 years) are surveyed, which excludes older persons – who have a much higher disability prevalence. For adults, MICS targets individual respondents who are excused from participating if they are ‘incapacitated’, which could be interpreted by enumerators to include many persons with disabilities. DHS surveys overcome these limitations to some degree by interviewing at household level, where the head of the household can respond on behalf of others. DHS also includes a broader age group and so captures older persons with disabilities more completely.
241 The Washington Group question sets were developed for use in censuses and surveys. The questions reflect advances in the conceptualization of disability and use the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a conceptual model. The questions ask whether people have difficulty performing basic activities (walking, seeing, hearing, cognition, self-care and communication) and were originally designed for use with the general population. However, the focus on functioning and the brevity of the tool mean that it can be deployed rapidly and easily in a variety of settings, including humanitarian needs assessments.
242 For guidelines on conducting accessibility audits, see Handicap International, Conduct an accessibility audit in low- and middle-income countries (2014).
243 OECD-DAC, Guidance for evaluating Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies (1998).